How does each model work?

Retainer: committed monthly hours (15–25 typical) against a flat fee, usually a 3-month minimum then monthly — the standard for independents, aligning both sides on sustained attention; mine runs $8,000/month at 20–25 hours. Fixed-fee project: bounded scope, bounded price — diagnostics, pricing rebuilds, due-diligence work; clean edges, no ongoing ownership. Firm bench allocation: you contract the firm, the firm allocates an executive from its bench and manages the engagement — continuity of institution rather than of individual. Interim: near-full-time occupancy of an empty seat for 3–6 months, priced as a multiple of fractional.

How do the named providers map to these models?

Factually, by model rather than by judgment: TechCXO and Cerius Executives operate the firm-bench model across executive functions — engagement terms and pricing set per arrangement, not published. Crosslake runs consulting-style engagements, frequently in PE and diligence contexts — project-shaped rather than embedded leadership. GoFractional is a marketplace: the model is whatever the matched independent offers, typically a retainer, with the platform layer around it. Independents run retainers and projects directly. Same job title across all of them; materially different products.

What does each model incentivize?

This is the part buyers skip. A retainer incentivizes retention — the provider keeps the engagement by being useful monthly, which is healthy, with the known failure mode of drifting into comfortable maintenance (kill criteria fix this; see the ROI guide). A project incentivizes completion — crisp delivery, but the incentive ends at the handoff, which is why project strategy work so often dies in a drawer. Bench allocation incentivizes utilization — the firm optimizes across its bench, which serves you well exactly to the degree your engagement is standard. Interim incentivizes the seat — presence and stabilization, with the known failure mode of the search never finishing. None of these is bad; each needs its specific counter-pressure written into the agreement.

Which model fits which situation?

Swipe the table sideways to compare →

The last row is the underused one: starting with a paid diagnostic is the cheapest way to test both the problem and the provider — I structure first engagements this way when the scope is genuinely unclear, because a retainer sold before diagnosis is a guess with a minimum term.